{"id":3323,"date":"2025-06-28T10:16:35","date_gmt":"2025-06-28T03:16:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tworldvietnam.com\/?p=3323"},"modified":"2025-06-28T11:40:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-28T04:40:07","slug":"cach-tinh-gia-tri-doanh-nghiep-bang-dcf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tworldvietnam.com\/en\/cach-tinh-gia-tri-doanh-nghiep-bang-dcf\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch T\u00ednh Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Doanh Nghi\u1ec7p B\u1eb1ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p DCF (Discounted Cash Flow)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"334\" data-end=\"604\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3326 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tworldvietnam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/dcf-phuong-phap-dinh-gia-doanh-nghiep-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"386\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"334\" data-end=\"604\">B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch <strong data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"377\">\u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n, chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c mua l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng? M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 <strong data-start=\"520\" data-end=\"550\">DCF \u2013 Discounted Cash Flow<\/strong>, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong data-start=\"567\" data-end=\"603\">ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"767\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, <strong data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"666\">Transworld Business Advisors Vietnam<\/strong> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DCF v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh <strong data-start=\"733\" data-end=\"766\">gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"772\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"802\"><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"802\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DCF l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"1030\"><strong data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"834\">DCF (Discounted Cash Flow)<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <strong data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"941\">d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong>, sau \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1054\">? N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/h3>\n<blockquote data-start=\"1055\" data-end=\"1146\">\n<p data-start=\"1057\" data-end=\"1146\"><strong data-start=\"1057\" data-end=\"1146\">Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f4m nay = T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, quy v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1151\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1153\" data-end=\"1214\">3 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DCF<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1216\" data-end=\"1303\">\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DCF m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1305\" data-end=\"1356\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"1305\" data-end=\"1356\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do (Free Cash Flow)<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1542\">\n<li data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1390\">\n<p data-start=\"1359\" data-end=\"1390\">D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng cho 5\u201310 n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1481\">\n<p data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1481\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1: doanh thu, chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn sau thu\u1ebf, kh\u1ea5u hao, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1482\" data-end=\"1542\">\n<p data-start=\"1484\" data-end=\"1542\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n: c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1544\" data-end=\"1593\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef3 (Terminal Value)<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1594\" data-end=\"1730\">\n<li data-start=\"1594\" data-end=\"1651\">\n<p data-start=\"1596\" data-end=\"1651\">\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1730\">\n<ul>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"2 4 [&quot;list&quot;,{&quot;spread&quot;:false,&quot;start&quot;:1613,&quot;end&quot;:1773}]\">Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Gordon Growth Model<\/strong>: t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Exit Multiple<\/strong>: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1776\">B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1894\">\n<li data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1871\">\n<p data-start=\"1779\" data-end=\"1871\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng <strong data-start=\"1787\" data-end=\"1807\">t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u<\/strong> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 <strong data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1870\">WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1872\" data-end=\"1894\">\n<p data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"1894\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t:<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Gi\u00e1 t<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">r<\/span><span class=\"mord\">\u1ecb <\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">D<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">N<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">FCF<\/span><span class=\"mord\">1\/<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">r<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<sup>1<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">FCF<\/span><span class=\"mord\">2\/<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">r<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)\u00b2<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">T<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">er<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">mina<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">l<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Va<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">l<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord\">\/<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">r<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)\u207f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1981\" data-end=\"1990\">Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2082\">\n<li data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2026\">\n<p data-start=\"1993\" data-end=\"2026\"><strong data-start=\"1993\" data-end=\"2000\">FCF<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u1eebng n\u0103m<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2027\" data-end=\"2059\">\n<p data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2059\"><strong data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2034\">r<\/strong>: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u (WACC)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2060\" data-end=\"2082\">\n<p data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2082\"><strong data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2067\">n<\/strong>: S\u1ed1 n\u0103m d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/d\/dcf.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh DCF tr\u00ean Investopedia<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3328 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tworldvietnam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/dcf-phuong-phap-dinh-gia-doanh-nghiep-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tworldvietnam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/dcf-phuong-phap-dinh-gia-doanh-nghiep-2-1.png 1920w, https:\/\/tworldvietnam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/dcf-phuong-phap-dinh-gia-doanh-nghiep-2-1-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2084\" data-end=\"2087\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2089\" data-end=\"2133\"><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"2089\" data-end=\"2133\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DCF<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"2135\" data-end=\"2147\">\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2148\" data-end=\"2304\">\u2705 D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <strong data-start=\"2159\" data-end=\"2180\">ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/strong> c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p<br data-start=\"2197\" data-end=\"2200\" \/>\u2705 Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi <strong data-start=\"2214\" data-end=\"2255\">startup ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><br data-start=\"2255\" data-end=\"2258\" \/>\u2705 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh theo c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2306\" data-end=\"2318\">H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2319\" data-end=\"2523\">\u26a0\ufe0f Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n<br data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2370\" \/>\u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u<br data-start=\"2433\" data-end=\"2436\" \/>\u26a0\ufe0f Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2525\" data-end=\"2528\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2530\" data-end=\"2572\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3327 aligncenter\" style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\" src=\"https:\/\/tworldvietnam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/dcf-phuong-phap-dinh-gia-doanh-nghiep-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"645\" height=\"421\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"2530\" data-end=\"2572\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DCF?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2574\" data-end=\"2607\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DCF ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t khi:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2608\" data-end=\"2780\">\n<li data-start=\"2608\" data-end=\"2655\">\n<p data-start=\"2610\" data-end=\"2655\">Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 <strong data-start=\"2626\" data-end=\"2655\">d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2656\" data-end=\"2692\">\n<p data-start=\"2658\" data-end=\"2692\">C\u00f3 <strong data-start=\"2661\" data-end=\"2692\">k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2693\" data-end=\"2780\">\n<p data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2780\">C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 cho <strong data-start=\"2712\" data-end=\"2739\">M&amp;A (mua b\u00e1n, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp)<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"2741\" data-end=\"2752\">g\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c <strong data-start=\"2759\" data-end=\"2780\">\u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2780\">\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2782\" data-end=\"2785\" \/>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng DCF<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DCF kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 M&amp;A.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f <strong>\u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/strong> H\u00e3y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ecnh ngay t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n<p>? Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/tworldvietnam.com\/dinh-gia-doanh-nghiep\/\">T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>? <strong>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tworldvietnam?locale=vi_VN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transworld Business Advisors Vietnam<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n, chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c mua l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty ti\u1ec1m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3324,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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