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Description
bsa low endotoxin cell culture elisaSeamlessBio Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Low Endotoxin ist ein hochreines Plasmaprotein (96% Reinheit) mit streng kontrolliertem Endotoxin Gehalt <5 EU mg. Es stammt aus gesunden, rckverfolgbaren Rinderherden in Australien, Neuseeland oder den USA und wird unter zertifizierten Bedingungen gewonnen und verarbeitet. Ideal fr serum freie Zellkultur Medien, ELISA Blocking, Western Blot, Protein Quantifizierung, PCR Stabilisierung und Enzym Assays. Low
SeamlessBio Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Low Endotoxin ist ein hochreines Plasmaprotein (≥96% Reinheit) mit streng kontrolliertem Endotoxin-Gehalt <5 EU/mg. Es stammt aus gesunden, rückverfolgbaren Rinderherden in Australien, Neuseeland oder den USA und wird unter zertifizierten Bedingungen gewonnen und verarbeitet.
Ideal für serum-freie Zellkultur-Medien, ELISA-Blocking, Western Blot, Protein-Quantifizierung, PCR-Stabilisierung und Enzym-Assays.
✓ Low Endotoxin <5 EU/mg – LAL-getestet, ideal für sensitive Zellkulturen
✓ Reinheit ≥96% – Bradford/BCA validiert
✓ AU/NZ/US Origin – BSE/TSE-freie Regionen, volle Rückverfolgbarkeit
✓ Vielseitig einsetzbar – Cell culture, ELISA, Western Blot, PCR, IVD
✓ Research & Diagnostic Grade – Für Labor und Diagnostik
✓ Reinheit ≥96% – Bradford/BCA validiert
✓ AU/NZ/US Origin – BSE/TSE-freie Regionen, volle Rückverfolgbarkeit
✓ Vielseitig einsetzbar – Cell culture, ELISA, Western Blot, PCR, IVD
✓ Research & Diagnostic Grade – Für Labor und Diagnostik
Was ist BSA Low Endotoxin?
Bovines Serumalbumin (BSA) ist das häufigste Protein im Rinderplasma (~60% des Gesamtproteins). Als monomeres Protein (66.5 kDa) mit 583 Aminosäuren besitzt BSA außergewöhnliche Eigenschaften:
- Hohe Wasserlöslichkeit – bis zu 40% (w/v) löslich
- Stabilisierend – schützt Enzyme, Antikörper, Wachstumsfaktoren vor Denaturierung
- Bindungskapazität – bindet Fettsäuren, Hormone, Steroide, Metallionen
- Nicht-antigen – minimale Immunreaktivität (außer bei spezifischen Anwendungen)
- Niedrige Kosten – günstigste hochreine Proteinquelle für Forschung
Low Endotoxin BSA wird durch zusätzliche Aufreinigungsschritte (Ionenaustauschchromatographie, Diafiltration) hergestellt, um Endotoxin-Kontaminationen auf <5 EU/mg zu reduzieren. Dies ist essentiell für:
- Zellkulturen (Endotoxin aktiviert TLR4 → proinflammatorische Zytokine)
- Immunassays (Interferenz mit Antikörper-Bindung)
- Serum-freie Medien (keine FBS-Endotoxine vorhanden als Puffer)
Technische Spezifikationen
| Parameter | Spezifikation | Test-Methode |
|---|---|---|
| Quelle | Rinderplasma (AU/NZ/US) | COO-Zertifikat |
| Reinheit (Elektrophorese) | ≥96% | Agarose-Gel |
| Albumin-Gehalt | ≥96 g/L | Bradford/BCA Assay |
| Globuline | ≤4% | Elektrophorese |
| Monomere (SEC-HPLC) | ≥95% | Size Exclusion Chromatography |
| Polymere/Aggregate | ≤5% | SEC-HPLC |
| Endotoxin | <5 EU/mg | LAL (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) |
| Fettsäuren | Vorhanden (nativ gebunden) | GC-MS |
| IgG-Gehalt | <0.5 mg/ml | ELISA |
| Protease-Aktivität | Keine nachweisbare Aktivität | Azocasein Assay |
| pH-Wert | 6.8-7.5 | pH-Meter |
| Feuchtigkeit (Pulver) | ≤5% | Karl-Fischer-Titration |
| Löslichkeit | ≥99% klar bei 10% (w/v) | Visuell + Turbidimetrie |
| Sterilität | 0.2 µm gefiltert (Lösung) | Ph. Eur. 2.6.1 |
| BSE/TSE-Status | Frei (OIE-zertifizierte Regionen) | Herkunftszertifikat |
| Format | Lyophilized Powder ODER 30% Solution | — |
| Lagerung | 2-8°C (Lösung) | RT (Pulver, versiegelt) | — |
| Haltbarkeit | 3 Jahre (Pulver) | 2 Jahre (Lösung) | — |
BSA Grades Vergleich – Welches für welche Anwendung?
| Grade | Reinheit | Endotoxin | Fettsäuren | Ideal für | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | ≥96% | <10 EU/mg | Vorhanden | € | Routine-Forschung, Protein-Standard, Blocker (Western Blot) |
| Low Endotoxin | ≥96% | <5 EU/mg | Vorhanden | Zellkultur, ELISA, serum-freie Medien, sensitive Assays | |
| Fatty Acid Free | ≥98% | <5 EU/mg | Entfernt | €€€ | CHO/Vero/MDCK Zellen, Lipid-Studien, FA-sensitive Assays |
| Diagnostic Grade | ≥99% | <1 EU/mg | Vorhanden oder frei | €€€€ | IVD, klinische Diagnostik, GMP-Anwendungen |
Empfehlung: Für Zellkultur und sensitive Immunassays ist Low Endotoxin BSA die optimale Balance zwischen Performance und Kosten.
Anwendungen
1. Zellkultur-Supplementierung
BSA ist ein Standard-Supplement in serum-freien Medien:
- Protein-Carrier: Transportiert Fettsäuren, Vitamine (A, D, E), Hormone (Insulin, Thyroid)
- Stabilisierung: Schützt Zellen vor mechanischem Stress (Scherkräfte beim Pipettieren)
- Antioxidans: Bindet freie Radikale → reduziert oxidativen Stress
- Osmolarität: Trägt zur physiologischen Osmolalität bei (~280-310 mOsm/kg)
- Typische Konzentration: 0.1-5 g/L (0.01-0.5% w/v)
Geeignete Zelllinien:
- CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) – Bioprocessing, Antikörperproduktion
- HEK293 (Human Embryonic Kidney) – Virusproduktion, Transfektion
- Vero (African Green Monkey Kidney) – Vaccine Production
- MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) – Influenza-Vaccine
- Sf9/Sf21 (Spodoptera frugiperda) – Baculovirus Expression System
- Primärzellen (Fibroblasten, Hepatozyten, Neurone)
2. ELISA & Immunoassays
Blocking-Reagenz:
- Blockiert unspezifische Bindungsstellen auf Mikrotiterplatten
- Typische Konzentration: 1-5% BSA in PBS oder TBS
- Inkubation: 1-2 Stunden bei RT oder über Nacht bei 4°C
- Vorteil vs. Milchpulver: Keine Phosphoproteine (wichtig für anti-Phospho-Antikörper)
Sample Diluent:
- Verdünnungsmittel für Proben und Antikörper
- Reduziert Matrix-Effekte
- Typisch: 0.1-1% BSA in Assay-Puffer
3. Western Blot
Blocking-Puffer:
- 5% BSA in TBST (TBS + 0.1% Tween-20)
- Bevorzugt für Phospho-Proteine (Milch enthält Casein = phosphoryliert)
- Inkubation: 1 Stunde bei RT
Antikörper-Verdünnung:
- 1-3% BSA in TBST
- Stabilisiert Antikörper während langer Inkubationen
4. Protein-Quantifizierung (Standard)
BSA ist DER Standard für Protein-Assays:
- Bradford Assay: BSA zeigt starke Bindung an Coomassie-Farbstoff
- BCA Assay: BSA als Referenz für bicinchoninsäure-basierte Quantifizierung
- Lowry Assay: Klassischer Standard
- A280 (UV): Extinktionskoeffizient bekannt (E^1% = 6.7)
Standard-Kurve: Typisch 0-2000 µg/ml BSA
5. PCR & Molekularbiologie
- Enzym-Stabilisierung: Taq-Polymerase, Restriktionsenzyme, Ligasen bleiben länger aktiv
- Erhöhte PCR-Ausbeute: Besonders bei unreinen Templates (genomische DNA mit Inhibitoren)
- Typische Konzentration: 0.1-0.4 mg/ml (100-400 µg/ml)
- Nuclease-frei: SeamlessBio BSA ist RNase/DNase-frei getestet
6. Enzym-Assays
- Carrier-Protein: Verhindert Adsorption von Enzymen an Gefäßwände
- Stabilisierung bei Lagerung: Enzyme in BSA-Lösung (0.1-1 mg/ml) behalten Aktivität länger
- Beispiele: Proteasen, Kinasen, Phosphatasen, Oxidoreduktasen
7. IVD & Diagnostik
- Kalibrierstandards: Bekannte BSA-Konzentrationen für Analyzer-Kalibrierung
- Qualitätskontrolle: QC-Material für klinische Chemie-Analyzer
- Reagenz-Stabilisator: In kommerziellen Diagnostik-Kits
Warum Low Endotoxin wichtig ist
Endotoxine (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) sind Bestandteile der äußeren Membran gram-negativer Bakterien. Schon in geringsten Mengen aktivieren sie:
- TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) → NFκB-Signaling → proinflammatorische Zytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6)
- Makrophagen & Monozyten → Immunaktivierung → Assay-Interferenz
- Zellkultur-Störung → veränderte Genexpression, Apoptose, reduziertes Wachstum
Kritische Schwellenwerte:
- Zellkultur: <5 EU/mg BSA (bei 1 mg/ml BSA = 5 EU/ml Medium)
- Serum-freie Medien: <1 EU/ml gesamt empfohlen
- Immunzellen (Makrophagen, dendritische Zellen): <0.1 EU/ml ideal
SeamlessBio BSA Low Endotoxin garantiert <5 EU/mg – getestet mit LAL (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) Assay nach FDA/USP-Standards.
Herkunft & Qualitätssicherung
Australien, Neuseeland, USA – Die sichersten Regionen:
- BSE/TSE-frei: Alle 3 Regionen sind OIE-zertifiziert als BSE-Negligible Risk
- Strenge Tierhaltung: Grass-fed, keine Tiermehl-Fütterung
- Veterinär-Überwachung: Ante-mortem und post-mortem Inspektionen
- Rückverfolgbarkeit: Jede Charge mit COO (Certificate of Origin)
Jede Charge wird geliefert mit:
- ✓ Certificate of Analysis (CoA) – Vollständige Spezifikationen
- ✓ Certificate of Origin (COO) – AU/NZ/US Herkunft dokumentiert
- ✓ Endotoxin-Test-Zertifikat (LAL) – <5 EU/mg bestätigt
- ✓ Sterilität (wenn 0.2 µm gefiltert)
- ✓ BSE/TSE-Freiheitserklärung
- ✓ Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Verfügbare Formate
| Format | Packaging | Ideal für | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lyophilized Powder | 10 g | Kleine Labs, flexible Konzentrationen | |
| Lyophilized Powder | 50 g | Routine-Forschung | |
| Lyophilized Powder | 100 g | High-throughput Labs | |
| Lyophilized Powder | 500 g | Bioproduktion, große Volumina | |
| 30% Solution (w/v) | 100 ml | Sofort einsatzbereit, keine Auflösung nötig | |
| 30% Solution (w/v) | 500 ml | Großvolumen-Anwendungen | |
| Custom | ≥1 kg | Auf Anfrage | GMP-Manufacturing, Bulk-Orders |
Lagerung & Handling
Pulver (Lyophilized):
- Lagerung: Raumtemperatur (15-25°C), trocken, versiegelt
- Haltbarkeit: 3 Jahre ab Herstellung
- Nach Öffnen: Bei 2-8°C lagern, innerhalb 6 Monaten verbrauchen
Lösung (30% w/v):
- Lagerung: 2-8°C (Kühlschrank)
- Haltbarkeit: 2 Jahre ab Herstellung
- NICHT einfrieren (Proteinaggregation möglich)
Auflösen von Pulver:
- Langsam in Wasser oder Puffer (PBS, TBS) geben
- Vorsichtig schwenken (NICHT vortexen → Schaumbildung)
- Bei RT oder 37°C lösen (beschleunigt Lösungsprozess)
- pH mit NaOH/HCl auf 7.0-7.4 einstellen (falls nötig)
- Sterilfiltrieren (0.2 µm) für Zellkultur
Warum SeamlessBio für BSA Low Endotoxin?
- BSE/TSE-freie Herkunft – AU/NZ/US, OIE-zertifiziert
- Garantiert <5 EU/mg – LAL-getestet, jede Charge
- Hohe Reinheit ≥96% – Elektrophorese validiert
- Monomere ≥95% – minimale Aggregate
- RNase/DNase-frei – Ideal für Molekularbiologie
- Schnelle EU-Lieferung – Lager in Deutschland, 1-3 Tage
- Kostenfreie Muster – 10g Test-Volume für qualifizierte Kunden
- Technischer Support – Life-Science-Team hilft bei Optimierung
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4.2 ★★★★★
Based on 10 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Been on the Camino and love this book
Format: Paperback
I am a Joyce Rupp fan. I'd always dreamt of doing the Camino some day, and when I saw that Joyce had done it, and written a book about it, I quickly bought it and read it.
Her book gave me the courage to buy a plane ticket and go. I'm a hiker and camper. I could tell from reading her book that some of the facets of the hike- some of the albergues, some of the pilgrims, some of the food-- etc etc-- were perhaps harder for her to accept than they would be for me. I thought she gave a really honest appraisal of how things were for her, and was touched by how she eventually resolved some of those contretemps.
I recently was looking at reviews of the book and was surprised to see some of the negative reviews. What I got from reading Joyce's book was an honest look at the Camino from the eyes of a middle-aged woman used to her own personal space, solitude, food, level of cleanliness, etc. One does necessarily give a lot of that up when on the Camino, if you stay in the albergues! They are fabulous places for meeting people from all over the world- but they can make you cringe if you are not used to hearing snoring at night. What I love about this book is the life lessons, her thoughts on what she found there, and what she got out of it in spite of -- and maybe even because of her discomfort.
I recommend this book for mature people thinking of hiking the Camino. In 2011 I accompanied a women's group from my church from Samos to Santiago, and I asked them all to read the book-- they liked it, too.
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Reviewed in the United States on August 22, 2013
★★★★★ 5
A Pilgrimage Of Body and Spirit
Format: Paperback
Back in the summer of 2003, I visited a former seminary roommate in Leon, Spain. I showed up a couple of days before his wedding after backpacking through Amsterdam, Paris, London, and Madrid. While strolling together through Leon, my Spanish friend remarked that people thought I was a "Pilgrim" because of my clothing and backpack. I asked him to clarify, and he replied that Leon was on the path of the Camino Pilgrimage. Thus began my interest in the topic.
"Walk in a Relaxed Manner" was the first book I read about the Camino. It's newly published, written by a 60-year-old nun who walked the Pilgrimage around the time I was in Leon. She hit the trail with a retired priest, and this book was born from that experience. The subtitle and theme is "Life Lessons From the Camino," and each chapter is based on a way she grew due to the Pilgrimage. For example, the book's title is shared with a chapter where Sr. Rupp describes how she learned to walk slowly and thoughtfully instead of quickly and competitively. Other chapter titles include "Savor Solitude," "Deal with Disappointments," and "Live in the Now." Such topics may strike some as trite. But I found it impressive that more often than not, it was the walk's difficulties that enabled her to internalize these truths.
The author writes in a clear and readable manner. She rejoices in the high points of the Pilgrimage, and is honest about the lows as well. Each lesson is presented in a thoughtful manner, and all are applicable to everyday life. However, like many spiritual insights perhaps some sort of defining experience is required to truly own them. But reading about these truths may be a way to prepare the heart for their eventual actualization. Although a Catholic nun in the Servite Community, Sr. Rupp keeps things fairly ecumenical throughout her tale. In addition, practical advice about the Pilgrimage is sprinkled throughout the book, and a list of helpful Camino resources is included at the end. There's even an authorized website based on Joyce Rupp's name if you want more info about her.
Someday I'd like to do the El Camino Pilgrimage. I hope I don't have to wait until my sixties, but sometimes you have to let things happen in their time. If I do walk it, I'll be glad if I learn and grow half as much as Sr. Rupp did. Recommended for all travelers and pilgrims.
UPDATE 9/7/07: Well, I only had to wait until I was forty to do the Camino. On 7/14/07 I stepped off in St. Jean Pied-de-Port (France), and on 8/24/07 I walked into Santiago, Spain. After returning home to the US, I went through this book again. It was nice reading about familiar places on the Way, and also to identify with the lessons Ms. Rupp writes about. Recommended even more now that I've actually done the trek.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 29, 2005
★★★★★ 5
This book is the real deal
Format: Paperback
This book is the real deal. I found it to be eye-opening, because, despite sounding very advanced and almost next-level, the attacks accompanied by source code show how simple and effective they are in reality.
This book seemed light at first (200 pages), so I was skeptical at it's ability to really tackle advanced topics, but I will say I was very pleasantly surprised. Those two hundred pages are action packed and filled with jaw-dropping 'this is cool' moments.
My only gripe with it is that it's a little formulaic, with the social engineering being shoehorned into every attack, and maybe pushing the whole APT thing too much, like when you really want something to become 'a thing'. Do we really need to socially engineer payloads using the same formula for all of the attacks? Not even one 'ha Ked the router with boring Cisco exploits' example? I guess it wouldn't make for an entertaining book.
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Reviewed in the United States on August 23, 2018
★★★★★ 5
Best pentest book read to date
Format: Paperback
This is the best penetration testing book that I have ever read to date. There is such a depth of understanding of penetration testing that is conveyed in this book in the way that the author is able to portray highly advanced topics in a conceptually understandable way. A novice might not be able to follow the text, as it is advanced, but for anyone looking to open their mindset up to becoming a more effective penetration tester, I HIGHLY advise this book.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 4, 2022
★★★★★ 5
Worth every penny
Format: Paperback
This book is in a class of its own compared to other security and pentesting books. I would highly recommend to anyone interested or currently working in network security. Instead of simply explaining how to use common pentesting tools, Wil Allsopp explains how they work and how to write your own custom tools from the ground up. Even if you do not have a programming background, it is worth understanding how an attacker can infiltrate a "secure" network without being detected.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 21, 2017