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Oligarchic Cartelization In Post-Suharto Indonesia

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Oligarchic Cartelization In Post-Suharto IndonesiaAs detailed in Oligarchic Cartelization in Post Suharto Indonesia, a few ruling individuals from party organizations overpowered Indonesias post authoritarian, representative democracy. The legislative process of the 2017 Election Act was the case study employed to examine this assumption. The underlying thinking was that there was a contest between wealth power (oligarchy) and participation power (democracy). The power of wealth controls the party

As detailed in Oligarchic Cartelization in Post-Suharto Indonesia, a few ruling individuals from party organizations overpowered Indonesia’s post-authoritarian, representative democracy. The legislative process of the 2017 Election Act was the case study employed to examine this assumption. The underlying thinking was that there was a contest between “wealth power” (oligarchy) and “participation power” (democracy). The power of wealth controls the party and government institutions. Notwithstanding the presence of participation power, there was, however, no balance between wealth power and participation power, because the formal control of politics was in the hands of party oligarchs. This study is purposed to bridge the gap in knowledge by exploring how the party oligarchs maintain the policymaking, reputedly using cartelized strategies, to defend the status quo. By employing the oligarchy and cartelization concepts, the central question of this inquiry focused on how the party oligarchs mastered the policy process in post-Suharto Indonesia. Qualitative findings indicated that the party oligarchs engineered the legal process in parliament applying cartelized strategies to defend privileges they obtained from collusive interpenetrations with the state. Understanding the “oligarchic cartelization” theoretical postulate is a fundamental step for party members to improve their performance in public offices. The results of this study can also be a useful reference for pro-democracy activists to defend the ontological essence of public participation in implementing representative democracy at an appropriate level. 

About the Author

Boni Hargens is a political analyst currently living in Indonesia. He is familiar in his country since he has been for years attending talk shows on television and writing columns on mainstream newspapers in his country. His concern is on the oligarchy and cartel party theories. He attended many lectures at Humboldt University in Germany for many years before completing his doctoral degree at Walden University in the United States.

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SKU: 1064417696

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Great fun for my small pup
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My 15lb Pom loves anything that sqweeks so these little eggs are perfect for him. They are fun to throw since they bounce in all different directions. Considering how many you get it's worth purchasing
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dogs have fun with them
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They are a cute product. Do not give to large dogs. Made for tiny breeds. I dog sit and the dogs who are allowed to play with them go nuts when I get them out and give a sqeeze. The toys are holding up well too.
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My frenchies love these and large enough not to worry about choking. Also the squeaker lasts longer than most of their latex toys so good or bad, I think it’s good.
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Just the right size for a cocker puppy to fit in her mouth (3 mos. old) and squeak. She will do this indefinitely if I let her, lol! Seems to be very satisfying for her. I can only take so much of it but she loves them. Also bounces erratically when you toss it which she loves.
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My dog absolutely loves this ball with handles! It’s quickly become one of his favorite toys, and he gets excited every time we bring it out to play. The vibrant colors are a huge plus—they make it super easy to spot in the grass, which saves a lot of time during outdoor play sessions. The handles are great for interactive play too, especially for tugging and tossing. I’m really impressed with how well it’s holding up. Even with constant pulling, tugging, and rough use, it’s remained durable and hasn’t shown any signs of wearing out. Overall, I’m very happy with this purchase—and if my dog could write reviews, it would definitely get his paw stamp of approval! 🐾
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