SKU: 23966703369

Thin Layer Nano WS2 Dispersion

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Description

Thin Layer Nano WS2 DispersionProduct Name Name: Thin Layer Nano WS2 Dispersion Product Overview Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a type of transition metal sulfide (TMDC) with a graphene like layered structure, where the layers are stacked together by weak van der Waals forces. Single layer WS2 is composed of three layers of atoms, with the atomic planes of W and S arranged in a hexagonal array. The W atoms are sandwiched between the two layers of S atoms, forming an S W S atomic

Product Name

Name: Thin Layer Nano WS2 Dispersion


Product Overview

 

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a type of transition metal sulfide (TMDC) with a graphene like layered structure, where the layers are stacked together by weak van der Waals forces. Single layer WS2 is composed of three layers of atoms, with the atomic planes of W and S arranged in a hexagonal array. The W atoms are sandwiched between the two layers of S atoms, forming an S-W-S atomic layer structure with a "sandwich" structure. Multi layer or block WS2 is composed of single layers stacked together. Depending on the stacking method of the single layers, WS2 has three crystal structures: 1T, 2H, and 3R.

The synthesis methods of WS2 are mainly divided into two categories: "top-down" stripping method and "bottom-up" method. The "top-down" exfoliation method includes micro mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, and lithium-ion intercalation, mainly using physical means to exfoliate the bulk WS2 into a single-layer or few layer layered structure. The "bottom-up" method includes chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal method, and high-temperature thermal decomposition method, mainly using chemical means to grow atoms and molecules into nanoscale thin films and granular WS2 under certain environmental conditions.

The WS2 provided by Xianfeng is prepared by lithium intercalation method, using n-butyl lithium as intercalation agent to insert lithium ions into the interlayer of WS2, forming LixWS2 intercalation compound. The intercalation compound reacts violently with solvent water to generate a large amount of H2, thereby increasing the interlayer spacing of WS2 and weakening the van der Waals forces between layers. After ultrasonic treatment, thin and few layer WS2 dispersions are obtained. The WS2 nanosheets obtained by lithium intercalation method have a 1T-2H phase hybrid structure. According to XPS calculation, the fitting ratio of 1T phase is about 60% (the values may vary between different batches).


Technical Parameter

 

Appearance: Black solution

Flake Size: 20-500 nm

Thickness: 1-5 nm

Stabilizer: LiOH

 

Product Features

 

1. Good dispersibility: Dispersions of different types of solvents are available (water, ethanol, isopropanol), as well as WS2 powder obtained by freeze-drying the dispersion.

2. Multiple active sites: It has good catalytic performance and a large specific surface area that can be used to load other catalysts to improve catalytic efficiency.

3. Excellent light absorption ability: It has strong absorption ability for near-infrared light and can be used for photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen, organic pollutant degradation, etc.

4. Adjustable size and thickness: Different diameters and thicknesses of nanosheets can be customized to meet the experimental needs of different researchers.


Application Fields

 

1. Electronic and optoelectronic devices: The band structure is closely related to the thickness of the material layers, and the adjustability of WS2 thickness can give it different optoelectronic properties. Single layer WS2 has the advantages of high electron mobility, large on/off current ratio, and current carrying capacity, and can be used in the manufacturing of electronic devices such as transistors.

2. Electrochemical biosensors: WS2 exhibits excellent electrochemical sensing performance due to its large specific surface area, good electron mobility, and high electron density of states,

It can be used to detect biomolecules such as DNA and glucose, and has excellent selectivity for some organic molecules such as formaldehyde, ethanol, and benzene.

3. Biomedical: WS2 has good light absorption ability in the near-infrared region, which can convert light energy into heat energy. The high temperature generated can cause tumor cell apoptosis, and it also has good biocompatibility, making it an excellent photothermal conversion material.

4. Energy storage: WS2, due to its unique layered structure, can provide certain adsorption sites for energy storage; Meanwhile, WS2 has good stability and can be reused for cyclic charging and discharging, and is widely used in fields such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, and lithium batteries.

5. Catalyst: WS2, due to its light weight and large specific surface area, can be used as a photocatalyst. After visible light irradiation, WS2 can absorb photons, undergo electron transitions to form electron hole pairs, and react with water to generate hydroxyl radicals with high reactivity and strong oxidizing properties, which degrade organic matter into small molecules and inorganic ions.


INSTRUCTION FOR USE

Attention: When taking TEM images, it is necessary to use micro grids (with the thinnest possible thickness) to prepare samples, which makes it easy to observe their layered structure; Dispersed liquid is prone to oxidation when exposed to air, and its color will fade over time. When storing, inert gas can be introduced to remove oxygen and extend the use time; The dispersion liquid will contain lithium hydroxide, which acts as a stabilizer to aid dispersion and can be removed by centrifugal washing; The powder is obtained by freeze-drying the dispersion, and its dispersibility is slightly worse than that of the original solution.


Related Information

Please e-mail for the detailed characterization data.

E-mail:[email protected]

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J. Thomas Campbell
San Leandro, US
★★★★★ 5
Peter Enns "Upends" Tradition!
Format: Paperback
One cannot but deeply admire what Peter Enns has managed to produce within the span of less than 150 pages - not counting his endnotes. Kudos as well for his penetrating exegetical insights...to say nothing as regards his courage: few conservative evangelicals (and even fewer fundamentalists) will find the title "The Evolution of Adam" something that warms the heart. And yet what Enns has produced here not only is revolutionary (in a very real sense - see below) but may well prove to be one of the more controversial books on the science/theology debate of recent years. Why so? Primarily because (according to Enns - Part Two of his book) Paul's creative use (in Romans) of the Adam and Eve story in Genesis was primarily for apologetic purposes...a matter that will be discussed in greater detail below. But we begin with Part One. Essentially Part One (four chapters) represents Enns' understanding of the crucial importance Ancient Near Eastern influences exerted upon the biblical writers - the writer/s of the Genesis creation account in particular. Enns (correctly in my view)hammers this point repeatedly for the reader to consider - i.e., the bible (the whole of it) was not written in a cultural vacuum unsullied by the surrounding culture/s of pagan religious thought, whether ancient Sumerian, Babylonian, or Greco-Roman. Indeed, to do otherwise would have been an impossibility - somewhat like trying to walk along the Tibetan foothills while refusing to breathe its polluted 'pagan' air. None of us ever fully escapes the surrounding influences of culture - and the bible was never intended to do so; rather, God (if one believes in biblical inspiration...as Enns does) works fully within the conceptual categories of culture. Hence, the two creation accounts in Genesis come to us fully embedded with the concepts of Ancient Near Eastern thought patterns. Perhaps the most we can say here is that the Genesis accounts represent (in varying ways) the "demythologizing" of prior Ancient Near Eastern accounts: the God of Israel is not to be identified with any aspect (sun, moon, stars, etc.) of the created order. So far so good. There's nothing really new here that hasn't been said already by any number of conservative evangelical scholars. Part Two, however, is something entirely different. Here Enns focuses his attention on Paul's creative use of the Old Testament, seeing as how the death and resurrection of Christ has caused Paul to look at the OT writings from a radically different perspective - Romans 5:12-21 in particular. These verses have a long, long history in the Christian Church as providing the church's understanding of how sin and death entered the world of human existence: we all "inherited" sin and death in and through the disobedience of Adam back in Eden. Not so...says Enns. And here is where his account veers off in a direction entirely different from traditional orthodox belief - for, according to Enns, Paul gave a particular 'Pauline spin' to these verses that cannot be found either in the OT itself, or in the Second Temple Judaism of which Paul himself was a part. Because the death and resurrection of Christ radically altered Paul's understanding of God's redemptive work in the world he (Paul) "found" in the Adam story an ideal explanation for why it is all Jews and Gentiles alike share in the universal experience of sin and death. Therefore, Adam's disobedience in Eden is NOT the cause of the universal human experience of sin and death (per Enns); rather, the story of Adam's disobedience served Paul's apologetic purposes...quite apart from whatever the story's original intention might have been. The true "origin" of sin and death remains a mystery, for the answer is not to be found (indeed if it can be "found" at all!) in the early Genesis account of Adam and Eve. And here is where we encounter the book's controversial nature, for Enns' view represents a dramatic departure from the traditional view - a traditional view that has a rich theological heritage that passes directly through the Reformation all the way back to Augustine. As previously stated, I deeply admire and respect what Enns has done here. For the most part I think he is on the right track. Furthermore, he makes mention of the fact that recent developments in biology have strongly indicated that we cannot possibly trace all modern humans back to an original "Adam and Eve." However, we knew that already...quite apart from modern biology informing us of the fact. Anthropology and paleontology had already amassed considerable evidence that proto-humans and modern humans were spread across the earth long before any conceivable Adam and Eve could have existed. Apparently, however, modern biology speaks with a more powerful voice than anthropology; thus, we are seeing a spate of books recently on the topic of whether or not Adam and Eve were historical - Enns' book being only one of a growing number. (Due to the geneologies in early Genesis we are somewhat limited in "how far back" we can place an Adam and Eve. Placing them 25 to 40 thousand years into the past in order somehow to allow them to be the true ancestors of all modern humans does a grave injustice to the geneologies that plain and simply do not allow for this sort of radical time reversal - a matter that any number of evangelicals, who have done this sort of thing, seem unwilling to appreciate. The early Genesis geneologies, even allowing for some "gaps," serve as a control against such unwarranted time expansion. An Adam and Eve of perhaps 6 to 8 thousand BC appears to be about the limit of what we can reasonably expect). In any case, Enns has raised a thorny and difficult issue in a way previous books on the question have not, and I believe his book will contribute substantially to more open theological discussion (one hopes without heated rancor) on the debate. In the meanwhile, some final thoughts. Personally, I find it more than a tad curious that David Rohl (a somewhat controversial Egyptologist) has recently authored a book (From Eden to Exile, Greenleaf Press) in which he strongly defends an historical Adam - and yet Rohl acknowledges that he is an atheist. All this is most strange: an evangelical scholar arguing against an historical Adam while an atheistic historian argues for one! ("What fools these mortals be!") I happen to agree with much of what Enns writes. However, I think Rohl has a point- even though how he fleshes his historical Adam out is somewhat bizarre. For one thing, I'm not entirely comfortable (despite some of Enns' powerful arguments) with a geneology of Jesus in the Gospels that would include "fictious" characters who never even existed. (I might as well inform you that my great, great grandfather was Dr. Jekyll and my great, great, great grandfather was Mr. Hyde). I don't see why getting rid of an historical Adam is at all necessary. Enns himself offers the possibility that OT Israel viewed Adam as their senior partriarch - the man who originally started the "clan." I personally see great possibilities here via leaving Adam within historical existence as Israel's original, grand patriarch. The origin of sin and death via the Adam and Eve story is another matter entirely. Biology and anthropology together appear to just plain and simply rule it out - and sticking Adam back into the age of the Cro-Magnons and Neaderthals in order to "save" the doctrine is a clear instance of an act of sheer desperation. But I see no reason why we necessarily have to conclude that the "origin" of sin and death (if that's the right word even to use...which I'm not even sure about) can only be regarded as lost in the misty past. I think there is a possible way forward here, and even via an historical Adam, while at the same time embracing what Enns is talking about. I think there may well be a way to retain a personal Adam (perhaps 6 to 8 thousand BC), while also showing how sin and death had their origin in him...but with an entirely different understanding that is informed by Enns' book. Unfortunately, spelling all that out is - like "The Evolution of Adam" - a book unto itself. And Amazon commentary is not the place where one is allowed to "write a book" - quite apart from how lengthy my own commentary here has been. In the meanwhile...kudos again to Enns for his truly provocative and highly insightful contribution to the cause. His vigorous defense of the incarnation, the atonement, and the resurrection is profoundly gratifying. Because of his firm stance here no one can accuse him of being unorthodox! (NOTE: Readers interested in a critical analysis of David Rohl's "From Eden to Exile: the 5000 Year History of the People of the Bible," and why this book is of such strategic importance for Old Testament studies - scholars in particular, can easily access my recent review of this book (titled "David Rohl: A "Maverick" in Search of History") by clicking on "See All My Reviews" directly above, or by going to the book's Amazon website. Hope you enjoy the read!
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Reviewed in the United States on January 18, 2012
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Leslie Danner
Whiting, US
★★★★★ 5
A must-have for students and researchers
Format: Spiral-bound
I use this all the time. The Concise Guide to APA Style (7th Edition) is incredibly helpful, easy to navigate, and much less overwhelming than flipping through the full manual. Great quick reference for papers, citations, and formatting.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 16, 2026
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Kapplez
Natrona Heights, US
★★★★★ 5
Perfect for learning APA format
Format: Spiral-bound
If you are one learning how to write, cite and use references in APA format this is the perfect book for you. It literally breaks down everything for you and has examples of what to do. It has an example essay if you need something to reference as well. I'd recommend this book to anyone that has a strict professor or that is learning how to write APA.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 15, 2026
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Frazier
Massapequa, US
★★★★★ 5
APA Guide, what you need for college papers
Format: Spiral-bound
It has the information that I need for my college classes, though the text could be a little bigger for better legibility.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 10, 2026
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DebLynn
Whiting, US
★★★★★ 5
Great resource to find quick APA style answers
Format: Spiral-bound
Great desk resource. As a tutor, I can quickly find accurate info for the questions my tutoring students ask about their essays.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 20, 2026

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