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Description
The Holy Roman Empire: A Very Short IntroductionVoltaire's description of the Holy Roman Empire as "neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire" is often cited to underline its worthlessness. German historians traditionally despised it because it had allegedly impeded German unification. Since 1945 scholars have been more positive but the empire's history and significance is still largely misunderstood. In this Very Short Introduction Joachim Whaley outlines the fascinating thousand year history of the
Voltaire's description of the Holy Roman Empire as "neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire" is often cited to underline its worthlessness. German historians traditionally despised it because it had allegedly impeded German unification. Since 1945 scholars have been more positive but the empire's history and significance is still largely misunderstood. In this Very Short Introduction Joachim Whaley outlines the fascinating thousand-year history of the Holy Roman Empire. Founded in 800 on the basis of Charlemagne's Frankish kingdom, its imperial title went to the German monarchy which became established in the ninth and ten centuries. They claimed Charlemagne's legacy, including his role as protector of the papacy and guardian of the Church. Around 1500 the title Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was adopted. An elective monarchy, the empire gradually developed from a feudal monarchy into a legal system that pacified the territories and cities of German-speaking Europe. By 1519 it had a supreme court and a regional enforcement system ended feuding. Throughout its lifetime, the empire's growth and history was shaped by the major developments in Europe, from the Reformation, to the Thirty Years War, to the French revolutionary wars, which led to Napoleon destroying the empire in 1806. The sense of a common history over a thousand years and the legal traditions established by the empire have shaped the history of German-speaking Europe ever since. Joachim Whaley analyzes the empire's crucial impact and role in the history of European power and politics, and shows that there has never been a more durable political system in German history. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 10/01/2018
ISBN: 9780198748762
Pages: 176
Weight: 0.26lbs
Size: 6.80h x 4.20w x 0.50d
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 1
You get what you pay for
This doesn’t have the consistency of the other Batana products that I have used. I guess you get what you pay for.
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Reviewed in the United States on August 31, 2025
★★★★★ 5
It’s really a miracle oil
It’s softer in your hair, left your hair perfect
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Reviewed in the United States on March 19, 2026
★★★★★ 5
It works!
Scent: Smoky coffee, Size: 4 Fl Oz (Pack of 1)
There is a strong smell or roasted coffee beans but since I started using this product my edges are healthier and the hair at the middle of my head that has been struggling to grow is gaining some length. The product itself can get hard depending on the temperature of your room but if you use it as directed the texture isnt so bad. The oil is thick and not very greasy or difficult to wash away. Definitely effective. 100% will recommend.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 16, 2025
★★★★★ 5
It's Working
Scent: Smoky coffee, Size: 4 Fl Oz (Pack of 1)
I like how it softens and protect hair. I am using sparingly on my scalp and have not used enough to see hair growth yet. I have had it for a month but do not use daily. I am growing my grey hair out and I have noticed that some of the white hairs are more salt and pepper now so it naturally darkens hair. My friend who told me about the product has been using it longer and her grey hairs are pretty much unnoticed by the natural darkening effect, blending enough to give her a light brown look. I have extremely fine thin fragile hair so I leave it on instead of rinsing or washing it out per instructions, that is another reason I do not use daily on hair and scalp. So far I have not had any negative side effects by using sparingly and leaving in until weekly wash. There is a strong smokey smell but not overwhelming for me and the scent dicipates within an hour or less.so I am not bothered by it. After using product on my hair, I rub a little on my nails & cuticles. It appears to help, as my cuticles are a lot healthier now.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 1, 2024
★★★★★ 4
Ash vs. Moisture/Success?
Scent: Smoky coffee, Size: 4 Fl Oz (Pack of 1)
The product feels great on the skin and moisturizes well. Although, don't be fooled by the smokey coffee detail. I'm an avid expresso bean grinder and drinker, this is no coffee. Smells like strong chain smokers favorite corner of the house on a stressful day. Imagine ash trays and Jojoba blended. Now that that's explained, it genuinely feels great on the skin/beard/scalp. Unfortunately, I am unsure how long my wife will tolerate this as a nighttime routine.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 9, 2025