SKU: 11103789653

ROMAN.Gallienus AD 253-268 BI Double-Denarius / Rev. Providentia NGC (022)

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ROMAN.Gallienus AD 253-268 BI Double-Denarius / Rev. Providentia NGC (022)ROMAN EMPIRE GALLIENUS 253 268 AD BI DOUBLE DENARIUS Roman Age of Chaos CERTIFIED BY NGC Obverse: Gallienus facing right, wearing a military style drape and a radiate crown, framed by the inscription "GALLIENVS AVG," which simply means "Emperor Gallienus." Reverse : PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia standing, facing, holding globe and scepter. In Roman mythology, Providentia was the goddess of forethought. Providentia (Providence). With all their vices,


ROMAN EMPIRE

GALLIENUS 253-268 AD

BI DOUBLE DENARIUS

Roman Age of Chaos 

CERTIFIED BY NGC

Obverse: 
Gallienus  facing right, wearing a military style drape and a radiate
crown, framed by the inscription "GALLIENVS AVG," which simply means "Emperor
Gallienus."

Reverse : PROVIDENTIAAVG - Providentia standing,
facing, holding globe and scepter.


In Roman mythology, Providentia was the
goddess of forethought. Providentia (Providence). With all their vices, follies,
and gross superstitions (indeed, in spite of them), the Romans still appear to
have cherished a belief in the perpetual and direct interposition of the gods
with respect to human affairs. Among the various monuments which attest this
religious feeling, or at leas this profession of religion, on the part of both
princes and people, none are more conspicuous than those to be found on their
imperial coins, for it is to be observed that previous to the substitution of
the monarchical for the republican form of government, that allegorical divinity
whose name is derived from providere (to foresee) is not seen either on metal or
on marble. In ancient Roman religion, Providentia is a divine personification of
the ability to foresee and make provision. She was among the embodiments of
virtues that were part of the Imperial cult of ancient Rome. Providentia thus
figures in art, cult, and literature, but has little or no mythology as such.



Providentia was an important moral and philosophical abstraction in Roman
discourse. Cicero says it is one of the three main components of prudentia, "the
knowledge of things that are good or bad or neither," along with memoria,
"memory," and intellegentia, "understanding." The Latin word is the origin of
the Christian concept of divine providence.




Gallienus was Emperor of the Roman Empire
from AD 253-268, sharing the throne with his father Valerian until AD 260, then
as sole ruler until his death in AD 268. Based upon the inscriptions, this
Billon Double-Denarius of Gallienus was struck during his solitary reign, AD
260-268. The Romans typically used doubled letters to indicate plurality.
Coinage of Gallienus minted during his joint reign are inscribed "AVGG" (two
emperors), while later coins bear the inscription "AVG."





Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus ( c. 218
– September 268) was Roman emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and
alone from 260 to 268. He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that
nearly caused the collapse of the empire. He won a number of military victories
against usurpers and Germanic tribes, but was unable to prevent the secession of
important provinces. His 15-year reign was the longest in half a century.



Born into a wealthy and traditional senatorial family, Gallienus was the son of
Valerian and Mariniana. Valerian became Emperor in September 253 and had the
Roman senate elevate Gallienus to the ranks of Caesar and Augustus. Valerian
divided the empire between him and his son, with Valerian ruling the east and
his son the west. Gallienus defeated the usurper Ingenuus in 258 and destroyed
an Alemanni army at Mediolanum in 259.



The defeat and capture of Valerian at Edessa in 260 by the Sasanian Empire threw
the Roman Empire into the chaos of civil war. Control of the whole empire passed
to Gallienus. He defeated the eastern usurpers Macrianus Major and Lucius
Mussius Aemilianus in 261–262 but failed to stop the formation of the breakaway
Gallic Empire under general Postumus. Aureolus, another usurper, proclaimed
himself emperor in Mediolanum in 268 but was defeated outside the city by
Gallienus and besieged inside. While the siege was ongoing, Gallienus was
assassinated, stabbed to death by the officer Cecropius, as part of a
conspiracy.

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SKU: 11103789653

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D
Verified Purchase
Danyelle
Pawtucket, US
★★★★★ 4
Fun with a late blooming omega
Format: Kindle
I like this book. The story is fun, cute, and sexy. There's just a little drama, some excellent, steamy scenes, and a fairly good relationship building storyline. I especially like how all the main characters are a bit older than the usual 20 somethings I tend to see in this kind of book. Having said that, I wish there were more descriptions of the places, as well as the food in the fancy restaurant. I enjoyed the cocktails at the club, so I missed that kind of detail when Gray took Madison on a dinner date. I also wish there had been more interaction between Lucas and Madison, and Lucas and Rian. It felt a bit lopsided, with a focus on Rian, Madison, and Gray. I wish it had been proofread - there are a lot of typos, but nothing too distracting.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on September 12, 2022
J
Verified Purchase
Jennifer G
Houston, US
★★★★★ 3
Madison Deserved Better
Format: Kindle
Madison was a beta...except she wasn't any longer. She was a late presenting Omega. And she was struggling. She was tall and thin, not tiny and curvy. She was opinionated. She was everything an Omega was not. After suffering through her first heat, her friends took her to Ardor, a club where Omegas came to safely find Alphas. She's not expecting much but then she connects with a sexy beta. And when she meets his Alphas, they set her body on fire. Maybe, she's found her no-strings-attached heat pack. Maybe, she's found something more. I could not connect with the characters in this book, so their story never resonated with me. And there was no love story; there was sex. Grey made it clear from the beginning that he had a true love and it was his beta boy, Rian. He went so far as to reassure Rian “Say the word, I’ll never touch her again. Lucas can put the babies in her. I only need you, beta boy”. So, Madison was there for babies, no emotions needed. Nice. No, thank you. I want the Omega to be the center of their world, not an incubator. Lucas and Rian weren't any better. After her heat, they let her leave. Not one of them made her feel valued. No one gave her a reason to stay or even offered a cuddle. And the sex didn't even come across as mind-blowing. Madison deserved better.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 11, 2025
O
Verified Purchase
Oregon BookWorm
Dallas, US
★★★★★ 5
No breakup, very sweet, instalove
Format: Kindle
Omegaverse and doesn't disappoint! Sweet guys, newly Omega FMC. The boyfriends are boyfriends. What's not to love? No angst, no breakup.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 23, 2025
F
Verified Purchase
ForTheLOVEofBooks
Bozeman, US
★★★★★ 4
Pretty Darn Good
Format: Kindle
So I’ve been on a omega kick and this definitely hit the spot. Madison was frustrating at times with how she acted towards Lucas, Gray, and Rian. It was like she said towards the end, she didn’t believe she deserved nice things. It would have been nice to hear from her best friends again. They kind of were there in the beginning and the gone except for mention of text messages received from them. I feel like her friends would have been great help in encouraging Madison to go with the pack and never give Brent another chance because he was toxic. I loved Rian. His personality was awesome. His humor. His ability to make Madison comfortable whenever she was feeling overwhelmed. And the fact he fell for her and she fell for him first. They are cute together. I do feel like Lucas was the odd man out though. Like Lucas didn’t develop as much of a relationship with Madison. I would have really liked to see more development in the relationship between them. It was also the same with him and Rian. There is really no relationship displayed. Most of the relationship being displayed is between Rian and Gray. Nevertheless, I loved reading about the dynamic that came to fruition during the entirety of this story. Madison finally got her happiness. And Brent finally got punched in the face. Everyone got exactly what they deserve.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 6, 2022
E
Verified Purchase
ediebegonia
Fort Morgan, US
★★★★★ 3
Pack's Promise was okay but not great
Format: Kindle
Pack's Promise was okay but not great. I won't recommend it to anyone that I know. PRO: * Very likable characters * Lots of steamy scenes that are written very well * The spelling and grammar are good * The punctuation is good with the exception of using hyphens instead of commas. Lots of hyphens. Lots and lots of hyphens. CON: * Almost no interactions with any characters outside of Madison and the pack * Nearly no plot. They meet, get together for a heat, agree to make it permanent, done * Quite a few typos such as extraneous words, missing words and words out of order THINGS TO KNOW: * More steamy scenes than storytelling * A lot of MM & MMM, some MFMM during heat
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Reviewed in the United States on January 5, 2023

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