SKU: 51060473236

Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (12)

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Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (12)Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307 337 AE3 BI Nummus Obverse: Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right. Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding shield reading VOT PR on cippus. In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had



Roman Empire



Constantine I AD 307-337

AE3 BI  Nummus

Obverse: Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust
right.

Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding
shield reading VOT/PR on cippus.



In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or
Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of
the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from
the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had a temple on the Palatine Hill.
The goddess Vica Pota was also sometimes identified with Victoria.



Unlike the Greek Nike, the goddess Victoria (Latin for "victory") was a major
part of Roman society. Multiple temples were erected in her honor. When her
statue was removed in 382 CE by Emperor Gratianus there was much anger in Rome.
She was normally worshiped by triumphant generals returning from war.



Also unlike the Greek Nike, who was known for success in athletic games such as
chariot races, Victoria was a symbol of victory over death and determined who
would be successful during war.



Victoria appears widely on Roman coins, jewelry, architecture, and other arts.
She is often seen with or in a chariot, as in the late 18th-century sculpture
representing Victory in a quadriga on the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany;
"Il Vittoriano" in Rome has two.



Winged figures, very often in pairs, representing victory and referred to as
"victories", were common in Roman official iconography, typically hovering high
in a composition, and often filling spaces in spandrels or other gaps in
architecture. These represent the spirit of victory rather than the goddess
herself. They continued to appear after Christianization of the Empire, and
slowly mutated into Christian angels.



Constantine I 'The Great' - Roman Emperor:
307-337 A.D.



Caesar (Recognized): 306-309 A.D. | Filius Augustorum (Recognized): 309-310 A.D.
| Augustus (Self-Proclaimed): 307-310 A.D. | Augustus (Recognized): 310-337 A.D.
|



| Son of Constantius I 'Chlorus' and Helena | Step-son of Theodora | Husband of
Minervina and Fausta | Father (by Minervina) of Crispus and (by Fausta) of
Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans, Constantina (wife of Hanniballianus &
Constantius Gallus) and Helena the Younger (wife of Julian II) | Son-in-law of
Maximian and Eutropia | Brother-in-law of Maxentius | Half-brother of Constantia
(w. of Licinius I) | Half-uncle of Delmatius, Hanniballianus, Constantius
Gallus, Julian II, Licinius II and Nepotian | Grandfather of Constantia (wife of
Gratian) |



Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus;
27 February c. 272 AD - 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint
Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great,
Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was
the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his consort
Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west in 293 AD.
Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military
tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was
raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was
recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Acclaimed as
emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in
306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the
emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by
324 AD.



As emperor, Constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and
military reforms to strengthen the empire. The government was restructured and
civil and military authority separated. A new gold coin, the solidus, was
introduced to combat inflation. It would become the standard for Byzantine and
European currencies for more than a thousand years. The first Roman emperor to
claim conversion to Christianity, Constantine played an influential role in the
proclamation of the Edict of Milan in 313, which decreed tolerance for
Christianity in the empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, at
which the Nicene Creed was professed by Christians. In military matters, the
Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile field units and garrison
soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions.
Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman
frontiers-the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths, and the Sarmatians-even
resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the
Third Century.



The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman
Empire. He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city
Constantinople after himself (the laudatory epithet of "New Rome" came later,
and was never an official title). It would later become the capital of the
Empire for over one thousand years; for which reason the later Eastern Empire
would come to be known as the Byzantine Empire. His more immediate political
legacy was that, in leaving the empire to his sons, he replaced Diocletian's
tetrarchy with the principle of dynastic succession. His reputation flourished
during the lifetime of his children and centuries after his reign. The medieval
church upheld him as a paragon of virtue while secular rulers invoked him as a
prototype, a point of reference, and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and
identity. Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical appraisals of
his reign due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantinian sources. Critics
portrayed him as a tyrant. Trends in modern and recent scholarship attempted to
balance the extremes of previous scholarship.



Constantine is a significant figure in the history of Christianity. The Church
of the Holy Sepulchre, built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus' tomb
in Jerusalem, became the holiest place in Christendom. The Papal claim to
temporal power in the High Middle Ages was based on the supposed Donation of
Constantine. He is venerated as a saint by Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine
Catholics, and Anglicans.








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Joseph C.
Grantham, US
★★★★★ 3
Functional divider for windows privacy
Size: 8 Panel, Color: White, Size: 8 Panel, Color: White
I ordered both a six and eight panel version of the white divider. There was some confusion on the FedEx deliveries. The eight panel divider arrived at first, but Amazon showed both as delivered. I had to contact both the seller and Amazon to learn that the six panel divider was to arrive the following day by FedEx, which did occur. Both the boxes were a bit dirty and had some small punctures. This divider had a top area and bottom area set of plastic wrap tapes, both of which were loose or undone. (The eight panel divider was not so, and properly wrapped.) The top of thid divider looked a little dirty, but passable/cleanable. The seller should consider wrapping the entire product with bubble wrap to protect against potential delivery/shipping physical and water damage. (FedEx left the box by my outside door, which could have gotten potentially soaked in rain. One better be home to take delivery if the weather is bad.) This said, the divider was easy to set up, with all the metal hinges working. No assembly was required, just unboxing and standing up. The left side was a little uneven on the bottom with the first panel, but ok. In combination with my mini-blinds, it provides the additional layer of privacy I desired. I even don't notice outside headlights and tailights through the windows with my room lights on. Additionally, the divider is easy to adjust to allow access to my windows for opening and closing. So, no need for me to hang curtains and damage my drywall. Overall I give the product a C grade because of the lack of protection for the FedEx shipping. (As a former University told me years ago, "The A has been cheapened. In this class you will work for an A." And, I got a B. So, I am a bit jaded. :-)) Lastly, if one had cats and dogs, or even small children, the divider could be easy for them to topple over. I would not consider these dividerd in that case. My motto is, "Safety first."
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Reviewed in the United States on December 31, 2025
M
Verified Purchase
Margaret Cheatham
Alexandria, US
★★★★★ 5
Prrfect
Size: 6 Panel, Color: Dark Coffee
Love it. Perfect for my needs to create a hidden storage space in my spare room. Highly recommended
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Reviewed in the United States on January 21, 2026
T
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T
Louisville, US
★★★★★ 5
Very NICE quality and worth the money!
Color: White, Size: 8 Panel
Ive gotten several folding privacy screens. This HALLYBEE one is a great 8 panel and the divider is TALLER than some other ones that I have gotten. Also the hinges fold in BOTH directions so you can fold the panels however you want. Some other screens only fold open in one direction like a Z. I thought that being a paper screen material that it would be less sturdy or too light, no this is not the case. The paper screen material looks fantastic and has lasted LONGER looking BETTER than the synthetic canvas webbing belt/leash fabric material on other screens - I just had to throw one of those out, but this one has been going strong and looks brand new still. Also this frame is taller and heavier and more sturdy. This screen is worth the money. I've gotten cheaper screens and they just fall apart so fast. Also because this divider is taller and wider, it is alot more privacy.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 6, 2026
B
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Belinda S.
Alexandria, US
★★★★★ 5
Perfect!
Color: Black, Size: 8 Panel
Amazing! Beautiful and sturdy
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Reviewed in the United States on May 9, 2026
K
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Khatereh
Pawtucket, US
★★★★★ 5
Good price, fast delivery and good quality
Color: Dark Mocha, Size: 8 Panel, Color: Dark Mocha, Size: 8 Panel
This is honestly the best room divider. It can completely separate the room and create a nice private space. I love it!
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Reviewed in the United States on March 9, 2026

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